#1 child malignancy = leukemia ALL

MC tumor in newborn → sacrococcygeal teratoma

#1 in child < 2 years = neuroblastoma

#1 in child > 2 years = Wilms tumor

MC malignant intestinal tumor → SB lymphoma

#1 cause of duodenal obstruction in < 1 week old = duodenal atresia after 1 week and overall MC in pediatric = malrotation

#1 cause of colon obstruction = Hirschsprung’s disease

#1 liver tumor in children = hepatoblastoma

#1 lung tumor = carcinoid

MC

Solid tumor - CNS tumors

Abd tumor - Neuroblastoma

Lung tumor - Carcinoid tumor

Peds larynx - laryngeal papillomatosis (involutes after puberty)

Increased AFP, B-hCG - sacral coccygeal teratoma. >2 mo → malignant

Anterior medistinal - teratoma

Overall mediastinum - neurogenic tumors (posterior mediastinum)

Airway obstruction in infants - Laryngomalacia (larynx not fully formed, floppy, resolves after epiglottic cartilage matures)

Painful lower GIB = #1 benign anorectal lesions (fissures)

Painless LGIB = #1 is Meckel’s

UGIB 0-1 y.o = gastritis/esophagitis

UGIB > 1 y.o and adult = esophageal varices, esophagitis

Double bubble sign: malrotation, duodenal atresia, or annular pancreas

Placenta - IgG

Breast milk - IgA

Poor suckling → choanal atresia

Wheezing, recurrent infections, tracheal rings are elliptical on EGD → Tracheomalacia - Tx: aortopexy

Sunken are of chest

Pectus excavatum → Tx: Nuss bar

Pectus carinatum (pigeon chest) → Tx: non unless emotional distress