• Urology Anatomy and Physiology
• Polycystic Kidney Disease
• Testicular CA
• Prostate CA
• Renal cell CA
• Bladder CA
• Testicular torsion
• Testicular rupture
• Priapism
• BPH
• Varicocele
• Hydrocele
• Nutcracker syndrome  will have varicoceles

Spermatocele – MC cystic structure of scrotum. cyst superior and separate from testis along epididymis. Tx: Leave alone if asymptomatic. surgical removal if symptoms.

Spermatocele and hydrocele do not affect fertility

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction → pyeloplasty

Ureteral duplication – Most common urinary tract abnormality. Tx: reimplantation if obstruction occurs

Ureterocele – MC at junction of ureter and bladder. Sx: UTI, retention. Resect and reimplant if sx